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The Role of DNA and Water Channel ProteinsMore recently, scientist are starting to understand the role of specific proteins in the sweating process. These proteins, also called 'water channel proteins' or aquaporins essentially increase the permeability or 'leakiness' of sweat gland cell membranes. As their name implies, these proteins act as pores or channels that transport water across the membranes of cells, in this case, sweat gland cells. Sweat glands are made of different kinds of cells. Among these are clear and dark cells. The clear cells appear to have a essential role in hyperhidrosis. The clear cells are also the cells that have specifically been identified* to contain aquaporins. |
It is these water channel proteins (e.g. Aquaporin 5) that trigger and open cell membrane channels and cause the sweat gland cell membranes to become more permeable. As such, sweat gland cells that have aquaporins as part of their structure will secrete a greater amount of water or sweat. A study** published in March of 2016 has demonstrated that while the number of sweat glands in individuals with and without hyperhidrosis remains the same, aquaporin 5 (and aquaporin mRNA) is overexpressed in those with hyperhidrosis. This may explain a physiological mechanism or explanation behind focal hyperhidrosis.
The future may tell us that individuals that have hyperhidrosis produce a greater number of these water channel proteins. Or that these proteins are being activated to a greater extent than in individuals with normal sweat production. Perhaps these proteins have a role to play along side a nervous system that is overstimulating the sweat glands. More research will be required to provide us a clearer picture of the exact mechanism behind hyperhidrosis. What is even more interesting is the possibility of blocking these water channel proteins. This could represent a new therapeutic option for reducing excessive sweating (see diagram in left column). |
Have a look at the role of DNA and how it directs
the creation of water channel proteins or Aquaporins
|
* Inoue R, et.al. J Dermatol Sc, 2013.
** Quan D, et.al. Dermatology 2016;232:150–155
** Quan D, et.al. Dermatology 2016;232:150–155